Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

Ketones are best described as what?

1. Pancreatic hormones regulating blood glucose levels

2. Cells of the epidermis

3. Acetone bodies indicating inadequate diabetes management

4. Glandular cells of the pancreas

The correct answer is: Acetone bodies indicating inadequate diabetes management

Ketones, specifically referred to as acetone bodies, are produced during the metabolism of fats when carbohydrate intake is low or when insulin is insufficient, as seen in certain cases of diabetes. When the body cannot use glucose effectively due to a lack of insulin or impaired insulin function, it begins to break down fatty acids for energy, leading to the production of ketones. Inadequate management of diabetes can result in elevated ketone levels, indicating a state of ketosis or potential diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Monitoring ketone levels is crucial for diabetes management, particularly for individuals with type 1 diabetes or those experiencing hyperglycemic episodes. The other options do not accurately describe ketones; hormones like insulin regulate glucose levels but are not ketones themselves. Cells of the epidermis are related to the skin, and glandular cells of the pancreas produce hormones rather than ketones. Therefore, the description of ketones as acetone bodies indicating inadequate diabetes management aligns perfectly with their biochemical role and clinical significance.