Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

What is the best diet for a patient with nephrotic syndrome?

1. Low protein, low sodium

2. High protein, low sodium

3. Low protein, low fat

4. High protein, low fat

The correct answer is: High protein, low sodium

In managing nephrotic syndrome, the dietary approach is crucial in addressing the condition's underlying issues, including protein loss and fluid retention. A high-protein and low-sodium diet is considered beneficial for patients with nephrotic syndrome because: 1. **Protein Needs**: Patients with nephrotic syndrome often lose large amounts of protein in their urine due to damage to the kidneys' filtering system. To compensate for this loss and prevent malnutrition, a higher intake of protein is necessary. This provides the body with the necessary building blocks to repair tissues and synthesize proteins that are crucial for maintaining overall health. 2. **Sodium Restriction**: Nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by edema (swelling) due to fluid retention. Reducing sodium intake helps manage this fluid retention. A low-sodium diet can help decrease blood pressure and prevent further kidney strain. Combining high protein with low sodium helps patients maintain their nutritional status while also managing symptoms associated with fluid overload. This dietary strategy aims to mitigate the nephrotic syndrome symptoms while facilitating recovery and overall well-being. Other dietary options, such as low protein or high fat, do not appropriately address the protein depletion caused by the syndrome or may worsen fluid retention, making these