Adult-Gerontology Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) Practice Exam

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What term is used to describe tan-to-brown macules on the skin often referred to as "liver spots"?

Senile purpura
Actinic keratoses
Lentigines
Seborrheic keratoses

The correct answer is: Lentigines

The term "liver spots" commonly refers to lentigines, which are flat, tan-to-brown macules that appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin, especially as a result of aging and UV exposure. These spots are benign and result from an increase in the number of melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for producing pigment in the skin. Lentigines can develop in individuals as they age and are particularly noticeable after extended sun exposure over time. Senile purpura, on the other hand, refers to bruising that often occurs in older adults due to fragile blood vessels, and it does not share the same appearance as lentigines. Actinic keratoses are rough, scaly patches that can develop due to sun exposure and have a greater risk of becoming cancerous, unlike the primarily cosmetic concern presented by lentigines. Seborrheic keratoses are also benign growths that have a waxy or "stuck-on" appearance and differ significantly from the flat macules of lentigines in both texture and presentation. Thus, lentigines accurately captures the essence of what "liver spots" are, both in appearance and cause.